International Journal of Human & Disaster

Purpose: This study has the following three purposes. First, this study compares the results of research by Kim et al.(2013) with the results of this study and analyzes how much tourism and hospitality professionals have contributed to the academia since 2010. Second, this study analyzes the contribution of researchers according to their positions. Third, the targeted subjects of this study are English-written journals. This study analyzes whether the group of researchers who speak English as their mother language has a high contribution to English-speaking journals or whether the group of non-English-speaking researchers is high. Method: This study carries out the analysis using the research methods of Sheldon(1991) and Kim et al.(2013). The journals for the analysis of research productivity for this study were selected as Journal of Travel Research, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, and Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research listed in the Social Science Citation Index(SSCI). Information on all research papers published from 2000 to 2015 was collected from the three journals, and analyses of authorship and research productivity were conducted. Results: The results of the study are as follows. First, there is no big difference between the tourism and hospitality researchers in the contribution of the three journals over the period. However, it is evident that the degree of contribution of non-tourism and non-hospitality professionals to academic journals increased by about 5% over the five years from 2011 to 2015. Second, although there are somewhat differences by journals, it was analyzed that overall, the group of full professors showed higher productivity of research papers than the group of associate and assistant professors. Third, even though they are non-English-speaking researchers, non-English-speaking researchers consistently contribute to English-speaking journals. Conclusion: Based on the results, this study comes to a conclusion that academic interactions between tourism and hospitality fields and other disciplines are increasing, so many topics that are able to be linked to other disciplines and tourism and hospitality fields should be discussed for academic development. Also, this study shows a contradiction that is the expectation that research productivity in the group of assistant professors is higher than other positions for reasons such as tenured position. Lastly, this study turns out that the productivity of non-English-speaking researchers is significant even in English-written journals.

Purpose: In line with the global transition to a hydrogen society, Korea is accelerating the vitalization of the hydrogen economy through relevant plans and strategies. In order to revitalize the hydrogen economy, it is necessary to add hydrogen-related matters to the National Infrastructure Protection Plan(NIPP) and to promote continuous stability for the national-level hydrogen infrastructure. This study aims to present direction from a long-term perspective for the addition of NIPP to hydrogen infrastructure. Method: This study reviews and recognizes the importance of efficient construction strategies for hydrogen society. As an example, we analyze the case of Japan, which established a basic plan for hydrogen society before Korea. The factors for realizing the plan were analyzed by categorizing the contents into flexibility, adaptability, and reliability. Results: We were able to find some implications through the case study. First, It is important to seek international cooperation for hydrogen supply and to respond flexibly to ensure that the plan is not disrupted in order to realize a hydrogen society and to secure safety. Second, it is necessary to regularly revise and implement the roadmap over time so that the plan can adapt well to time. Thirdly, In order to reinforce the credibility of the plan, a risk communication plan to enhance Local Acceptance should be devised. Conclusion: Korea cannot achieve empirical results simply by reducing carbon emissions and building an eco-friendly hydrogen society. It is important to discover demand and monitor hydrogen-related infrastructure integrally with potential stakeholders. In addition, social acceptance, including the central government, local governments, and private businesses, is essential to improve the public's awareness and understanding of hydrogen society and to strategically rearrange hydrogen infrastructure. The establishment of the NIPP with the addition of hydrogen social infrastructure will contribute to raising national interest and increasing public confidence in hydrogen safety

Purpose: Today, people take care of their appearance and show their own various personalities, and even though nails are a small part of fashion, hair, makeup, and nails, They manage, care, and complete the overall style to protect their nails from nail disaster. There are many hairstyles, makeup, and fashion using pop art, but few works using nail art, and the goal of this study is to broaden the scope of nails by applying bright colors, pop culture, and repetition, the main characteristics of representative pop art artist Andy Warhol. Method: First, the theoretical background of Andy Warhol and nail art will be examined. Second, the life and features of Andy Warhol's work will be analyzed. Third, the concept and expression technique of nail art will be analyzed. Fourth, based on the above research, a nail artwork will be created utilizing Andy Warhol's work as a motif. A research method will be conducted revolving around a domestic thesis, specialized books and a pop-art nail art design will be presented by applying Andy Warhol's work. Results: Artwork 1 was drawn with the motif of Superman after Andy Warhol quit commercial design and started fine art. Unlike the previous ones, it was drawn by separating Superman's body and the word Puff and the full of smoke deliver a feeling of a great explosion. Artwork 2 is a work with a motif of Green Coca-Cola bottles, and several Coca-Cola, the symbol of the United States, is characterized by being arranged in the same size. Artwork 3 is a work inspired by Campbell Soup, a representative icon of popular consumer culture that anyone can purchase. Conclusion: Since nail art is an artwork in which everything must be expressed in a small part of the nail, the study found that design can be made even in a small space of the nail by applying the characteristics of Andy Warhol's work. In this attempt, nail art aims to expand the scope of nail art by increasing research on nail art design using pop art as well as nail disaster and protection.

Purpose: This study analyzes the relationship between self-esteem and gratitude tendency of university students during the corona 19 era of human disaster. From the end of 2019, TV programs, radio, and social media platforms have covered the novel corona virus infection(Corona 19) as the most important article. The stress caused by the COVID-19 epidemic showed a significant negative correlation with the quality of life, and positive psychological capital had a significant modulating effect, so it was necessary to develop a program to mediate the lowered quality of life. So at this moment, university students in their twenties living with the task of selfformation suggest that they have a high probability of developing depression through the loss of meaningful objects and distortion of their self-experience. Since gratitude has a positive correlation with psychological wellbeing and negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and jealousy, it has a great influence on university student's daily life. Method: In this study, the following hypothesis was established to find out what differences are there between gratitude tendency according to the characteristics of university students(gender, grade, religion), and also to examine the relationship between the self-esteem and gratitude tendency of university students. H1: Depending on the characteristics of university students, there will be a significant difference between gratitude tendency. H2: University students' self-esteem will have a significant correlation with gratitude tendency. To measure self-esteem among the main variables of this study, the self-esteem item developed by Korean scholars was used based on the self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg(1965). Results: Difference analysis(t-test and ANOVA) was conducted to find out the difference between the gratitude tendency(Hypothesis 1) according to the characteristics of university students, and the characteristics of university students generally include gender, grade, and religion. The difference between gratitude tendency was significant only in gender and religion actually. As a result of the analysis, in terms of gender, female students showed a relatively high gratitude tendency, and in religion or not, students with religion showed higher gratitude tendency. As a result of conducting a correlation analysis on the self-esteem and gratitude tendency of university students(Hypothesis 2), significant correlations were found for both self-esteem factors. As a result of the analysis, positive self-esteem shows a positive(+) correlation with gratitude tendency, and negative self-esteem shows a negative(-) correlation with gratitude tendency. Conclusion: This study will be able to suggest a basic plan to ensure that university students can spend their time smoothly without psychological wandering and departure due to the limitations of daily life caused by corona virus infection(corona 19) during career decision period.

Purpose: Intrapersonal Intelligence is a fundamentally required competence for a human to do its part in a social environment and lead a life without regret. This Intrapersonal Intelligence is essential intelligence for all human beings, regardless of age. However, the recent fandom situation has weakened many people's mental strength due to increased emotional anxiety and depression. The variable "pandemic" had a great influence not only on one individual but also on society as a whole. The prolonged 'COVID-19' situation around the world has left modern people increasingly impoverished. Therefore, the time has come for Intrapersonal Intelligence more than ever. Therefore, this study developed a program model for the purpose of improving Intrapersonal intelligence. Method: The educational model developed for the purpose of enhancing Intrapersonal intelligence was analyzed by literature based on previous studies to derive program components. In addition, for the convenience of learners in the digital age, it is designed based on Flipped Learning, which enables continuous learning and has high timeliness. In order to improve the completeness of the program, a procedure for verifying reliability and validity was carried out by review of seven doctors in educational engineering and instructional design experts. Results: The main factors that constitute the contents of the Intrapersonal intelligence improvement program consisted of 'self-understanding, self-regulation, and self-design'. The detailed elements for each factor are 'understanding self-emotional and comprehension of ability', 'future design and achievement motivation', and 'mutual regulation and impulse control'. In addition, the Intrapersonal intelligence improvement program based on Flipped Learning was designed to fully understand the prerequisite learning materials through the pre-learning materials and to conduct discussion and coaching at the same time in the in-class. Conclusion: This study follows the same context as prior research that demonstrates that existing Intrapersonal intelligence can be improved through learning. However, this study utilizes open educational resources as a medium for prior learning in a methodical approach to teaching and learning, and in-class mainly uses coaching and discussion, which are non-directive teaching methods. As a result, I hope that through the Intrapersonal intelligence improvement program, modern people can recognize themselves right away, control their emotions, design a positive future, and lead a happy life.

Purpose: The Purpose of this article is to review China’s abuse of human rights and the use of cultural relativism in dealing with North Korean refugees in China. It also examines China's human rights policy toward North Korean refugees. China treats the North Korean escapees as illegal economic migrants even though there are many reasons to define them as political refugees. Method: To better appreciate the context of Universalism innate in United Nations and U.S. human rights policies for North Korea, this article analyzes the characteristics of the U.S. North Korean Human Rights Act 2012(NKHRA) and China's agreement with the UN human rights covenant. China's repatriation of the North Korean refugees was an unprecedented incident compared with previous cases. China’s human rights policy towards North Korean refugees is unlikely to change in the Xi Jinping regime. Result: This article draws three findings in connection with the universalism of human rights as follows. First, China thinks that human rights universalism is detrimental to their socialism and government attempts to maintain stability. Second, China puts its political priority on keeping good relations with the North Korean leadership and cooperating with the regime. Third, China wants to control the North Korean refugees who may bring disorder to the border region by deporting them to the DPRK. Conclusion: This article emphasizes China’s negligence concerning its human rights agreement with the UN and concludes that the enhancement of human rights for North Korean refugees in China can be realized by empowering the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’(UNHCR) activity in China and convincing China to behave as a responsible stakeholder through pressure from the international community

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to conduct a survey on the service performance rate of creation of urban parks so that the problems in local governments arising out of that service by the public servants from other department than the ones from green space department will be solved. Method: In this study, we conducted a survey on local government in the nation over the performance rate of the public servants from green space department(the “PSGSD”) for the stages of urban park duties: making decisions on creation of urban park; establishment of park creation plan; carrying out construction of park; and park management. Result: In the stage of making decisions of urban park creation, the work performance rate of public servants from green space department in all the local government of the nation is 0% and it is analyzed that no PSGSD has performed the duties to make those decisions. In analyzing average work performance rate of PSGSD for the duties of park creation plan, construction of park creation, and park management out of the duties of urban park creation by local governments, while the average work performance rate of public servants from green space department in Seoul, Jeju Province and other 5 metropolitan cities except for Sejong Special Self-governing city and Gwangju metropolitan city is 100%, the one in Gyeongsangbuk province is 27.8%, the lowest one. Conclusion: Through this study, we can identify the work system of PSGSD the work performance rate of the duties of urban park creation by local governments in the nation. In addition, in this study, we suggest policy plan making the public servants other than PSGSD to carry out the duties of urban park creation so that this study may be utilized as a material of ground for enhancing PSGSD’s work performance rate for the duties of urban park creation