All Articles

  • Purpose: This study has examined and validated the differences in the perceptions towards North Korean refugees among the police officers of the South Korean security police organization in charge of the North Korean refugees at a point in time where North Korean are entering South Korea due to the recent economic downfall of North Korea, and through which, has explored the security police's perception towards the North Korean refugees. In particular, this study focused on how the perception towards the North Korean refugees differs as per the gender and age of the security police officers in connection with the adaptation of the North Korean refugees in South Korea. Method: In this study, to examine and validate how the perception towards the North Korean refugees varies by the gender and age of the police officers in the security police department, a survey was conducted by using the self-administration method targeting 100 trainees of the Police Human Resources Development Institute, which is the police training institution of Korea, among the police officers of the security department experienced in the work related to the North Korean refugees by recruiting Korean police officers in 2020. As for the analytical method, the frequency analysis, t-test, and the one way ANOVA were performed. Results: In Q-1 “North Korean refugees are satisfied with their lives in South Korea” and Q-27 “Understanding vocational training is the most necessary education for North Korean refugees to adapt to the South Korean society,” and in Q-1(2.5902±.66776) and Q-27(3.3443±.68032), men turned out to be higher than women at the significance level of 5%. Subsequently, in Q-21 “The reason the North Korean refugees visit South Korean police stations is because they have been defrauded or assaulted by someone,” those in their 20s(3.8571±.37796) turned out to be higher than those in their 40s(3.0333±.66868) at the significance level of 5%. Conclusion: Among the South Korean police officers, men perceived more than women that the North Korean refugees are satisfied with their lives in South Korea, and vocational training is an important education necessary for them to adapt to their lives in South Korea. Furthermore, police officers in their 20s perceived more than those in their 40s that the North Korean refugees have been defrauded or assaulted by someone.
    Keyword:North Korean Refugees, Vocational Training, Mandate Refugee, Security Police, North Korean Economy
  • Purpose: Police officers on the site continue to suffer from sudden attacks. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the thought of presenting an effective model for the manual of the exercise of physical force as per the legitimacy of police law enforcement. Method: According to the extent of harm and damages, the subject's behavior demonstrated towards police officers is divided into the 5 stages of ① compliance, ② passive resistance, ③ active resistance, ④ violent attack, and ⑤ fatal attack, and as for the experiment appropriate thereto, the students of the Korean National Police University and trainees were divided into Groups A and B each with 20 people, while the type of responding with fatal attack and the type of club for self defense and response were analyzed. Results: (1)On the site, a minimum safety distance of 1.8M must be maintained, and (2)police officers must provide a clear task assignment training on the site that 2 or more people will be dispatched. (3)The development of a posture to not unnecessarily stimulate the subject was presented, and (4)a new method for the striking method was presented by considering the fact that most subjects had their hands lowered. Conclusion: The practical effectiveness reflective of the principle of objective rationality, principle of correspondence between the subject's actions and physical force, and the principle of prioritizing harm reductions, which are the 3 largest principles of the police officer's exercise of physical force, was presented, and a model for protecting the lives and bodies of police officers was presented by defining the limitations and significance of each method of physical force.
    Keyword:National Police, Fatal Attack Against Police Officer, Self Defense Arrest Technique, Job Manual, Effective Response
  • Purpose: The paraprostatic cyst is a rare disease of the prostate gland in the intact male dog. This report describes the physical examination, laboratory inspection, radiographic, ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings of the paraprostatic cyst in an intact male Belgian Malinois Military Working dog. Based on the previously reported research, this paper intended to verify that military working dogs can be diagnosed and treated in the same way. Method: A 9-year-old intact male Belgian Malinois military working dog was presented for regular check-ups in the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Armed Forces Medical Research Institute. Physical examinations, whole blood cell test, serum and electrolyte tests, radiography, abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography were conducted. Results: Using radiography, abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography, a paraprostatic cyst was diagnosed. The dog underwent neutering surgery only. One month after the surgery, the dog was brought in for a follow-up. The previously observed large paraprostatic cyst was not evident in the area of the urinary bladder with ultrasonography. The treatment was deemed to have reduced the size of the cysts adjacent to the prostate as the prostate became smaller. Neutralization surgery was confirmed to be an effective treatment for diseases of the male genital system of aging dogs. It was also determined that male military dogs needed neutralization surgery at the age of six months, a positive stage, to prevent male genital disease. Conclusion: Unlike ordinary dogs, regular medical check-ups of military working dogs are recommended because it is difficult to monitor their health. And neutering surgery at the time of disease diagnosis is recommended to treat and prevent the prostate-related disease for intact male dogs, especially for those beyond the age of six months.
    Keyword:Cysts, Military Working Dogs, Radiography, Tomography, Ultrasonography
  • Purpose: This study aims to examine the security perspective of the first president Rhee Syngman of ROK and bring some implications in making defense policy making. Method: This paper utilizes multidisciplinary approach. This contains the perspective of threat, allies, defense policy, independent defense. Specifically this uses various speeches, interviews, memoirs, and testimonies about and by Rhee Syngman. Results: This paper did find out that President Syngman Rhee not only had a firm view against communism, but also maintained a thorough anti-Japanese view against Japan. However, the Korea-US Mutual Defense Treaty and the resulting South Korea-U.S. alliance, which were agreed upon with the U.S. during the Korean War. And his security perspective could actually play a major role in curbing the recurrence of the war on the Korean Peninsula and securing South Korea's sustainability and security. Conclusion: The first President Rhee Syngman had tried to devote his best efforts to settle down Korea’s solid dynamic security through closely good friendship with US. To make this objective he took very a serious vigilance and concerns to North Korea and the revival of expansionist Japanese militarism. As a first president of ROK, he made fundamental base of ROK and its security.
    Keyword:Rhee Syngman, Security Perspective, Defense Policy, Independent Defense, Korea-Us Mutual Defense Treaty
  • Purpose: This pater proposes a plan to expand the role of Regional Reserve Forces(RRF) as a key mobilization force for regional defense, in the event of a national disaster, and to more effectively support the disaster response of the local community. It also proposes a desirable policy direction for the advancement of cooperative governance of local communities on disasters toward international cooperative security against non-traditional threats. Method: Firstly, it analyzed laws and regulations related to disaster and RRF, and then reviewed the reality of the organization and formation of Regional Defense Battalions(RDB), Local Government’s Disaster & Safety Countermeasures Headquarters(DSCHQ), Defense Integrated Disaster Management Information System(DIDMIS), and compensation costs, etc. In addition, the analysis of Disaster Mobilization cases and the opinions of experts were reflected. Results: ‘The disaster mobilization of RRF must be clearly and concretely presented in relevant laws and regulations. Mobilization requirements give flexibility to mobilize from the beginning of the disaster, but the deadline must be strictly specified. If Part-time Reservist are employed as liaison officers, disaster officers, and military affairs cooperation officers of local governments, it is possible to expect not only the disaster management of local governments but also the development of the Regional Integrated Defense System(RIDS). Conclusion: One of the important missions of the reserve forces is to protect the lives and property of the people from disasters and to support the local community. The disaster management of local governments in the future will require more military support. Therefore, the disaster management should be given high priority to national policy. Furthermore, a disaster management agenda that can lead the international community should be drawn up, and the role and contribution of the RRF to the international community should be sought.
    Keyword:Mobilization, Reserve Force, Nontraditional Security, Disaster, Cooperative Security
  • Purpose: Although the Balkans have historically diverse ethnic groups, there have been ethnic and religious conflicts since modern times due to the failure to form a nation-state and the emergence of interests and socialist systems of neighboring powers. After Tito's death, Kosovo's armed conflict between Serbia and Albania intensified, leading to NATO's involvement, and serious crimes during the war. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between forces and war crimes that emerged during the war. Method: To examine ethnic problems in the Balkans and the formation of ethnic states, especially ethnic conflicts and war patterns in Kosovo, and to analyze the armed struggle between the Serbian-led Yugoslav government and Albania's KLA. We also look at crimes committed by both groups and why NATO was involved. Results: Western support for the KLA's armed struggle to form an independent state in Kosovo resulted in Albanian ethnic groups taking over Kosovo and developing from autonomous to sovereign states. The war led to the kidnapping, torture, massacre and sexual assault of innocent citizens, but the leaders of the KLA were transformed from terrorists to official authorities in charge of the regime. Conclusion: Ethnic problems have internal problems that cannot be solved by external interference. In addition, if external forces intervene under the pretext of resolving the problem of ethnic conflict, it can be seen that ultimately dominating hegemony within the region is essential. The international community's interest in human rights violations by the state during the war should be raised.
    Keyword:Balkan, KLA, Rambouillet Talks, NATO, Terrorism
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediation effect of professional identity in the process of the effect of Army professionals` perceptions of the system on organizational commitment, and to draw policy implications for the training and utilization of effective professionals. Methods: The survey was conducted on Army professionals and the hypothesis was verified using structural equations(AMOS18.0). Results: First, system trust did not have a significant effect on professional identity. Second, system internalization had a positive(+) effect on professional identity. Third, the indirect effect of professional identity was not significant in the relationship between system trust and organizational commitment. Fourth, the indirect effect of professional identity was significant in the relationship between system internalization and organizational commitment. Conclusion: First, it is necessary to consider the organizational level of professional personnel management system that allows professional personnel officers to have a positive perception and agree with its purpose. Second, in the process of system change, the situation and opinions of the army specialist officers who are subject to the system change should be reflected as much as possible, and the detailed consideration of the organizational level that makes them well accept the purpose and purpose of system change is necessary. Third, when the Army professional personnel officers are provided with conditions to work with a high professional identity and implement related policies, their organizational commitment can be increased.
    Keyword:Professional Identity, System Internalization, System Trust, Organizational Commitment, Army Professionals
  • Purpose: In this paper, the development direction of the blast-proof door verification test was suggested through analysis of the blast-proof door verification test that has been conducted so far. Blast-proof doors are protective equipment that withstands storm pressure from enemy weapons at the outermost part of the building in case of emergency, and must be verified before installation. To ensure the durability and stability of the blast-proof door, the explosion-proof test of the blast-proof door has been conducted four times since 2016. Method: In the meantime, as domestic blast-proof door certified products came out through explosion-proof tests of blast-proof doors, it has opened the way for domestic blast-proof doors to be used instead of expensive overseas products in domestic protection facilities and evacuation facilities. Based on the progress of the last four demonstration tests and certification results, the opinions of the Korea Gas Safety Corporation, the Defense Installations Agency, and explosion-proof door manufacturers were synthesized to derive improvements. In addition, the explosion-proof door certification procedure and certification standards were reviewed, and the explosion-proof door manufacturing process and documents submitted by the companies that applied for the certification test were reviewed. Results: As a result of reviewing the requests of the host organization and explosion-proof door manufacturers in the process of preparing the demonstration test such as purchasing TNT, preparing the test site, conducting an explosion test, and issuing a certificate, the need for improvement in the implementation of the demonstration test was identified. Improvement needs were identified in the agency in charge of the demonstration test, the verification method, the method of measuring the displacement of the explosion-proof door after the explosion, and the alternative method of the demonstration test. Conclusion: I suggested that the explosion-proof test of the blast-proof door be supervised by the military institution. Through this, it is expected that the work related to the explosion-proof test will be more efficiently controlled. Also I concluded that it is necessary to supplement the method of measuring the displacement of the blast-proof door, and consider implementing a reduced-scale explosion test. In addition, it is proposed to supplement and develop the blast-proof door blasting demonstration test through computer simulation using the empirical test data accumulated in the future. Once the explosion-proof test of the blast door is improved as suggested in the conclusions, it is clear that the result will be of benefit to the military, companies, and ultimately the people who will be provided with certified high-quality blast-proof doors and installed in the protection facilities.
    Keyword:Blast-Proof Door, Verification Test, Explosion, Protective Engineering, Protective Facilities
  • Purpose: This study examined the origin of Baekje military martial arts and the path and inflow of Japanese military martial arts from various angles, which were concluded as follows. Method: This study examined the origin of Baekje military martial arts and the path and inflow of Japanese military martial arts in depth, and grasped the current situation and problems of Baekje military aspect, presented Baekje military form and Japanese military form, and sought identity. Results: At that time, the left-wing was the first of the 16 official positions of Baekje, and it was an important position to be selected from the nobles and to replace the king in case of emergency. At that time, about 3,000 people came to Baekje, or Japan, and the brilliant culture of Baekje's Aska culture was passed on to Japan. In addition, the longevity of Baekje's nobles, the head of the government, led the country as the mainstay of Japan. In addition, Baekje's Musa forces expanded to mark the era of Musa regime in Japan, became Emperor in the first year of Emperor Munmu, and made Fujiwara no Miyako a wife. The Emperor of the 45th Emperor of the Holy Moo was crowned in 724, and the Emperor of the Baekje system tried to protect his comfort through Baekje people who moved the military as well as the cabinet. The outbreak of Japanese warriors was founded by the warrior forces in the fall of Baekje by the attack of the Allied forces in 663.,In other words, at the end of the Edo period, the warriors were practically disappeared by Saigou Takamori, who lost his battle and self-determination, and the beginning and end were made by Baekje. Conclusion: As mentioned above, reestablishing the history of ancient Baekje that went to Japan is a way to establish our national view and history. This is because Baekje was destroyed in the past, but its descendants are re-creating new history in Japan, so we should revive our culture once again as a god of law.
    Keyword:Baekje Military Martial Arts, Japanese Military Martial Arts, Musa, Culture, Yusool
  • Purpose: Counter-intelligence means any act in response to hostile foreign intelligence activities. Since the activities of intelligence agencies inherently recognize security as the greatest virtue, it was not easy to approach it in the academic field. However, the global information environment is changing rapidly. In the traditional concept of espionage, espionage was carried out mainly in the political and military areas, but in comprehensive security situations, information collection on various forms can take place, requiring a flexible strategy. Method: However, despite the fact that anti-spy operations can directly be involved in infringement of the basic rights of the people, the fact that minimal ground rules exist is a problem that requires improvement in terms of the rule of law of information activities. Furthermore, the problem of this study is that even assuming the objective consideration that anti-spy work is necessary to guarantee basic rights of the people, and that it is not appropriate to impose public and judicial control such as investigation procedures, it is unfortunately not. In response, this study proposed improvements to prevent concerns about infringement of the basic rights of the people by guaranteeing practical anti-spy work in a changing environment. Result: The first is the expansion of the concept and scope of the anti-spy. In other words, if the Framework Act on Anti-Spy is enacted, the concept of anti-spy should be set as an active and active anti-spy concept, not a passive or passive anti-spy concept, to diversify anti-spy operations and respond to both traditional and nontraditional threats. In addition, the government proposed the expansion of spy agencies to cope with the diversification of security threats due to changes in the information environment. Second, he pointed out existing problems and made some forward-looking suggestions regarding the smooth performance of anti-spy operations. The most important confirmation here is the stipulation of the means of collection and verification of anti-spy information. The method of collecting anti-spy intelligence can be distinguished in legal and realistic ways, and the factual methods such as collecting human information, technical information, and public source information are problematic. Conclusion: In particular, legal grounds and reliability, such as undercovering the identity or operating an informant, are problematic in the intelligence officer's performance of specific espionage tasks. In order to dispel this, it was confirmed that there is a need for evidence that the staff of the spy agency can impersonate their identity in specific tasks, and a legal basis that the spy agency can operate a cooperative.
    Keyword:Counter-Intelligence, National Security Law, Counter-Intelligence Intelligence, The Rule of Law of Intelligence Object, Comprehensive National Security