International journal of Military Affairs

Purpose: Counter-intelligence means any act in response to hostile foreign intelligence activities. Since the activities of intelligence agencies inherently recognize security as the greatest virtue, it was not easy to approach it in the academic field. However, the global information environment is changing rapidly. In the traditional concept of espionage, espionage was carried out mainly in the political and military areas, but in comprehensive security situations, information collection on various forms can take place, requiring a flexible strategy. Method: However, despite the fact that anti-spy operations can directly be involved in infringement of the basic rights of the people, the fact that minimal ground rules exist is a problem that requires improvement in terms of the rule of law of information activities. Furthermore, the problem of this study is that even assuming the objective consideration that anti-spy work is necessary to guarantee basic rights of the people, and that it is not appropriate to impose public and judicial control such as investigation procedures, it is unfortunately not. In response, this study proposed improvements to prevent concerns about infringement of the basic rights of the people by guaranteeing practical anti-spy work in a changing environment. Result: The first is the expansion of the concept and scope of the anti-spy. In other words, if the Framework Act on Anti-Spy is enacted, the concept of anti-spy should be set as an active and active anti-spy concept, not a passive or passive anti-spy concept, to diversify anti-spy operations and respond to both traditional and nontraditional threats. In addition, the government proposed the expansion of spy agencies to cope with the diversification of security threats due to changes in the information environment. Second, he pointed out existing problems and made some forward-looking suggestions regarding the smooth performance of anti-spy operations. The most important confirmation here is the stipulation of the means of collection and verification of anti-spy information. The method of collecting anti-spy intelligence can be distinguished in legal and realistic ways, and the factual methods such as collecting human information, technical information, and public source information are problematic. Conclusion: In particular, legal grounds and reliability, such as undercovering the identity or operating an informant, are problematic in the intelligence officer's performance of specific espionage tasks. In order to dispel this, it was confirmed that there is a need for evidence that the staff of the spy agency can impersonate their identity in specific tasks, and a legal basis that the spy agency can operate a cooperative.

Purpose: It was self-evident that nationalism emerged as the Soviet Union, which had the largest number of ethnic groups on the planet, disbanded. The result of the dominant ethnic group's failure to maintain equal relations without discrimination between ethnic groups as it integrates minorities nationally is inevitably an expression of conflict in the democratization process. The purpose of this paper is to study what ethnic conflicts have occurred in the region since the formation of the CIS. Method: In the past, Ukraine and Georgia, newly independent countries in the Soviet region, faced the problem of separation of minorities domestically. The separation of Donetsk and Luhansk in Ukraine, the Abkhazia conflict and the South Ossetia conflict in Georgia are examples. Therefore, I analyze these examples in this paper. Results: In Donetsk and Luhansk states of Ukraine, Russia directly intervened in the claims of separation and subsequent civil war, including military mobilization and support, and in Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia demanded separation from Georgia. Through the conflict, Russia strengthened its influence in these regions. Conclusion: The separation between the Ukrainian and Georgian conflicts from other conflicts in the Eastern Europe of the post-Cold War was that there was direct military intervention by Russia, which escalated the conflict between the United States and Russia. In the future, Russia is expected to actively respond to the threat of Russia's security due to nationalist political movements of ethnic minorities within the CIS.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate and analyze whether the military culture innovation, which has been being promoted since 2014, is doing well through a survey of Army soldiers on "A Survey on the Feelings of Military Culture Innovation." In particular, a qualitative performance analysis of military culture innovation was conducted through a survey on the awareness and satisfaction of soldiers who are experiencing military culture innovation in personally. Method: In this work, we selected suitable questions for the study through factor analysis of the SPSS program and conducted the study in two main ways on selected questions. The first is to conduct an analysis of the performance of military culture innovation through the average of the selected detailed questions for each part on the five implementations of military culture innovation. Second, we divided the officers and soldiers among the survey respondents to see if the results of their survey on the level of military culture innovation showed a difference, and analyzed whether the difference was significant through the SPSS program's independent sample T test. Results: The results of the analysis conducted using selected questions through factor analysis are as follows: First, as a result of the analysis of the feeling of military culture innovation, we produced positive results that we are "somewhat satisfied" with all five implementations. Second, there was a significant difference between the officer group and the soldier group in terms of the sense of military culture innovation. Conclusion: This study was conducted using the most survey results among the performance analysis of military culture innovation that has ever been done, so the reliability is very high. In addition, it is of great value in that it analyzed quality performance based on the feelings and thoughts of soldiers who are experiencing military culture innovation directly, not performance analysis relying on quantitative results. Through this, we hope that it will help to accurately diagnose the current military culture innovation and find constructive improvements in the future.

Purpose: The hegemony competition between the United States and China is one of the most crucial topics of world politics in the 21st century. As China's innovation in science, technology, and high-tech industries grow rapidly, the United States is enacting restrictions to regulate this critical situation. This paper searched for the motives for their political actions, the primary differences between the U.S.-China competition for technological hegemony, and their national policies. Method: This paper examined the differences in U.S.-China national policies through geopolitics. The usefulness of geopolitics, the characteristics of continental and maritime countries, and the Huawei incident which clearly indicates the cross-section of the U.S.-China technological competition, these factors were analyzed to find the answer to the research question. Results: The contrast in technology competition and technology policies between the U.S. and China can be summarized as a difference in culture and perception. The difference comes from China's 'Confucian and family like discussion' and America's 'individualistic, bottom-up, and democratic' lifestyle. In addition, the Huawei issue is a conflict of economic ideology between the United States and China with regards to the relationship between business and state. Conclusion: The difference in policy between the U.S. and China can be defined as a difference in basic culture and perception. Therefore if the main reason that the United States suspects Huawei comes from the aforementioned fundamental differences in national thought, this could not only be a problem that is difficult to solve, but also a starting point of a dispute that could continue to be a problem in the future.

Purpose: It is the era of talking about post-corona beyond the corona era. Corona is having a rapid impact on society as a whole. Many scholars predict that the pandemic will not stop as a single event, but will become daily life with a different name. With the rapid development of various media such as working from home and social media, it has become an era that requires more individual initiative. Coaching can be the most needed skill in this pandemic era. Social interest in coaching is also increasing. The pandemic is further increasing the need for coaching. In this paper, we look at the research trend of coaching in the times, and especially suggest implications for coaching research methods in the military. Method: In order to understand the research trends in the field of coaching, this study searched for doctoral dissertations on the RISS site of the Korea Education and Research Information Service. As a result, papers from 1992 to January 2021 were searched. The reason for the study of the doctoral dissertation is that it was judged that targeting the research results of researchers who entered the academic field as official experts provides data on stable re-search trends. First, 489 doctoral dissertations were searched, and through content analysis, doctoral dissertations with “coaching” were selected and compressed into a total of 210. The 210 papers were categorized through content analysis. Trend analysis through content analysis has the advantage of being able to implicitly show the research trend of a specific discipline. Afterwards, the selected papers were classified by period, research field, and major re-search field, and the trend of research was analyzed. Results: As a result of the analysis, the number of dissertations related to coaching has increased since '10, and exceeded 23 publications in '16. By research area, 53 in the field of education, 53 in the field of education, 40 in the field of sports, 37 in the field of business, 21 in general coaching, 23 in medicine, 18 in religion, 9 in public institutions, and 6 in career management. Was. The main research fields were 63 papers related to the ching program, 41 coaching leadership papers, 9 scale development papers, and 1 leadership coaching paper. In the case of public organizations, the number of papers decreases when compared to other fields, and in particular, military-related research was confirmed in three cases: coaching program development, effectiveness analysis, and coaching competency model development. Conclusion: Coaching requires active research and application in the military as well as the private sector. To this end, future research is necessary to expand the quantitative expansion of military-related coaching, group coaching and group coaching, etc., research in connection with group coaching and organizational culture improvement, and development of a coaching program for all executives. Finally, through the development of a leadership coaching diagnostic tool that reflects the characteristics of each group, we measure the current level of leaders and propose research and development of educational programs.

Purpose: The Purpose of this article is to analyze the smart power strategy to the peace process on the Korean Peninsula and to suggest alternatives to build permanent peace building efforts. This paper seeks to answer a key question regarding building a peace regime. What is South Korea’s smart power strategy for the peace regime building on the Korean Peninsula? Simultaneously, this paper also analyzes various South Korea’s domestic opinions over the North Korean nuclear issues. Method: This study analyzed ROK's Smart power strategies toward peace regime building on the Korean Peninsula. Smart Power means developing an integrated strategy, resource base, and tool kit to achieve objectives, drawing on both hard(military muscle, economic might) and soft power(economic aid, sharing culture). It is an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions at all levels to expand the state's influence and establish the legitimacy of the action. Results: The ROK’s smart power strategies to the peace process are as follows. First, in terms of using alliance, South Korea has to call for the U.S to foster a peace regime building on the Korean Peninsula while cooperating with the Biden administration's democratic principle and ideology. Second, in terms of using partnership, South Korea has to induce China to put pressure on the DPRK to abandon nuclear weapons. Third, in terms of using institutions, ROK and DPRK have to transform the current 9/19 inter-Korean military agreement of the initial operational arms control into systemic arms control through early notification of mutual military training. Conclusion: The essential components of smart power are using alliances, partnerships, and institutions, etc. In this context, South Korea has all the necessary elements of the ROK-US alliance and ROK-China economic partnership, and 9.19 inter-Korean military agreement. In the long and bumpy road of the peace regime building process, it needs strategic optimism in pushing ahead smart power strategies but in building defense posture, they need to be a strategic pessimist