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  • Purpose: Considering the development curve, there may be individual differences, but in the 2nd and 3rd grades of high school, it can be seen that there is no significant difference from that of adults in form. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differences in body composition and physical strength factors of Taekwondo Gyeorugi players who are attending morphological similar high school and university in form, and provide basic data for physical fitness training of athletes based on the results of this study. Method: The subjects of this study were 13 competition players attending G high school in D city and 13 competition players attending K University, and body composition, physical factors, anaerobic exercise ability, and knee joint isokinetic muscle function were tested. For data processing, the mean and standard deviation of the measured items were calculated using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program. An independent t-test was conducted to find out the difference between high school taekwondo players and college students taekwondo players. Results: University Taekwondo competition players were statistically significantly higher in height, lean body weight, and lower extremity than high school competition players, and their body fat percentage was lower. In terms of physical strength, college competition players were superior to high school athletes in terms of strength, endurance, quickness, agility, coordination, and flexibility. The anaerobic exercise ability was significantly higher in college athletes than high school athletes in Peak Power(W), Average Power(W), and Total Energy(J). It was also found that college athletes were superior to high school athletes in knee joint isokinetic muscle function measured at an angular velocity of 60 degrees. Conclusion: The statistically significant difference in the height and lower extremities, which are the physique factors, is judged as the result of not considering weight class in the selection of subjects for this study. The difference in physical strength factors is thought to be a result of the higher athlete experience and training amount of college players than the difference in shape development.
    Keyword:Competition Players, Physical Fitness, Lsokinetic Muscle Function, Anaerobic Capacity, Wingate Test
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition principle of China Health Qigong and the kinematic effect of China Health Qigong. For this purpose, this study conducted a literature survey on Health Qigong published by Health Qigong Management Center of General Administration of Sport of China and examined the kinematic effect by confirming domestic research trends related to Health Qigong Method: The principles of Health Qigong were confirmed through an interpretation of the publication of the Chinese Health Qigong published by the China Olympic Committee, and a literature survey on the Health Qigong published by the Korea Physical Education Bureau. In addition, in order to investigate the clinical application of the health Qigong exercise, the procedure of confirming the research studied in Korea through the triangulation of three specialists in the field of kinetic studies was carried out. Results: Chinese Health Qigong is the part of Chinese medicine and takes the form of an exercise system that harmonizes body and mind through the control of Qi. Therefore, the principle of the Health Qigong is on a basis of Yin-yang and the five elements theory of chines medicine, and the meridian so called oriental physiology, and is based on the control and preservation of three elements of body, mind and breath, which is the most important principle and emphasizes the three control methods of body control, mind control and breath control as the ultimate practice method. From the perspective of kinematics, in terms of the clinical application part of Health Qigong's exercise effect, physiological effect, psychotherapeutic effect and rehabilitative medical effect were found to be effective through previous studies. Especially, Health Qigong was found to be suitable for elderly exercise as a slow exercise and it could be a new health exercise alternative in the super aging society. Conclusion: This study, Results of precisely examining the previous studies on Health Qigong showed that the healing principle of Health Qigong could be examined, and that there is a positive kinematic effect.
    Keyword:Health Qigong, Healing, Yin-Yang, Meridian, Kinematic, Slow Exercise
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-management of college taekwondo demonstration team members and their exercise commitment and perceived athletic performance. This study is highly anticipated to provide fundamental data to enable psychological understanding of the exercise commitment found among college Taekwondo demonstration team members in a competition and improving performance through the positive role of self-management. Method: The population of college Taekwondo demonstration team members nationwide was selected as the subject of the study. 600 copies were collected using the convenience sampling method and 555 of the collected copies, excluding those with inconsistent or unfaithful responses, were used for the analysis. Frequency analysis was performed to examine the general characteristics of the research subject, and exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach' α coefficient, or an internal consistency test, were used to verify the validity and reliability of the research tool. In addition, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to investigate the relationship among the variables of self-management, exercise commitment, and perceived performance with a significance level set to .05. Results: As a result of verifying each of the factors of self-management, exercise commitment, and perceived performance of Taekwondo demonstration team members through the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that all variables have a statistically significant correlation. The lowest correlation was found in body management and perceived performance(r=.213), whereas the highest correlation was found in cognitive commitment and behavioral commitment(r=.730). Conclusion: First, interpersonal management, training management, and mental management among the self-management factors of college Taekwondo demonstration team members were found to have a statistically significant effect on exercise commitment, though body management showed no statistically significant effect. Second, training management and mental management among the self-management factors of college Taekwondo demonstration team members were found to have a statistically significant effect on perceived performance, whereas no statistically significant effect was found from body management and interpersonal management. Third, among the factors of exercise commitment of college Taekwondo Demonstration team members across the nation, cognitive commitment was observed to have a statistically significant effect on perceived performance, whereas behavioral commitment showed no statistically significant effect.
    Keyword:Taekwondo, Demonstration, Self-Management, Exercise Commitment, Perceived Performance
  • Purpose: This study verified and conducted the effect of fun factor of the elderly who participated in oriental medicine Qigong exercise upon health related life quality. Method: For the selection of study participants, the subjects of the study were sampled by convenience sampling and judgmental sampling for the elderly women participating in the Health Qigong held at public health centers in S and K cities in Korea. 212 valid copies of questionnaire were used for analysis. first, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to find out the validity of the variable of fun and the scale of health related quality of life, and the reliability verification was analyzed by calculating Cronbach's ɑ coefficient that checks internal consistency between items. Second, to analyze the effect of fun on the health related quality of life, multiple regression analysis by enter method was conducted, and the statistical level was verified at p<.05. Results: To confirm the multidimensional relationship between the fun factor and health related quality of life of elderly women participating in Health Qigong, this study conducted multiple regression analysis with five lower variables of the health related quality of life factor as the reference variable and fun factor as the predictor. As a result, all effects of fun on the health related quality of life were found at the statistical significance level, and in the standardization coefficients of the predictive variables, it was confirmed that they had influence in the order of pleasure, family support, physical strength and health, interpersonal relationship, and learning relation. Conclusion: This study, it was found that the fun of Health Qigong has an influence on the overall health related quality of life of elderly women. These findings can be said to indirectly suggest that Health Qigong is fun and suitable for elderly women. The results of this study is significant in that they provided evidence that Health Qigong can be used as a positive health intervention program for the elderly women's exercise.
    Keyword:Fun, Elderly Women, Health Qigong, Health Related Quality of Life, Oriental Medicine
  • Purpose: The study aims to clarify the educational myths that explored and explored the educational myths of the leader that affect the personalities of the trainees who practice taekwondo at the taekwondo stadium. Method: The study conducted an open survey of 116 taekwondo instructors' of taekwondo centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province with the aim of exploring the taekwondo instructors's educational belief factors that affect the personality of taekwondo trainees. In this study, the data collected through open questionnaires to the leaders who guide Taekwondo trainees was conducted an inductive content analysis, an analysis process that categorizes raw materials into detailed areas according to the similarity of semantics and categorizes common topics in detailed areas into general areas. Results: An open questionnaire collected a total of 435 cases, and the collected data were obtained through inductive content analysis through expert meetings. As a result, the 435 cases of raw materials were classified into 15 detailed areas of manners, moral ethics, parent education, fighting spirit, self-confidence, attitude, communication, mindset, knowledge, education philosophy, humanity, interpersonal relationships, lifestyle, and community consciousness, and finally became four general categories of personal growth education, self-discipline, taekwondo instructors' quality and guidance on life learning emerged. The proportion of the general areas that were finally categorized was the highest in the education of personality growth(44.83%), followed by the fostering of self-worth(26.21%), the cultivation of taekwondo instructors' quality(19.54%), and the guidance of life learning(9.43%). Conclusion: The educational principles of a leader who influences the personality of Taekwondo trainees have been shown in four general areas: character growth education, self-value fostering, leadership qualities development, and life-learning guidance.
    Keyword:Taekwondo, Prsonality, Trainees, Taekwondo Instructors, Educational Beliefs
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Taekwondo training on leadership and the relationship between the leadership of girl’s middle school students and community spirit and to provide basic materials for various educational program development to nurture leadership that can be used in Taekwondo Gym. In this study, preliminary survey was made on the parents of Taekwondo Gym. This study was performed according to the following study procedures. First, on 250 girl’s middle school students of the students who have been trained in Taekwondo Gym. in Daegu for more than six months were selected through Convenience Sampling and were asked to answer the survey in self-administration method. Among the 250 returned answers, 238 answers exclud-ing insincere or incomplete ones were analyzed as valid samples. Second, statistical verification was made accord-ing to the purpose of material analysis using SPSS Program 23.0. General characteristics were identified by fre-quency analysis and for the reliability verification cronbach's α coefficient was calculated. Taekwondo training factors, leadership skill factors and community spirit factors were analyzed for the factor analysis, while the effects of Taekwondo training factors on the leadership and community spirit factors were analyzed by multi regression analysis. The following conclusions were made according to the above research methods and material analysis methods. First, in the effects of Taekwondo training on leadership skill, emotional factors, living attitude factors influenced decision making factors, and emotional factors, social factors, physical factors and living attitude fac-tors influenced self-understanding factors. Second, in the effects of Taekwondo training on community spirit, so-cial factors and living attitude factors of Taekwondo training influenced altruism factors and emotional factors and social factors influenced social responsibility factors. Third, in the effects of leadership skill on community spirit, self-understanding factors and leadership factors influenced altruism and self-understanding factors influ-enced significantly on social responsibility factors. As such, it was found that Taekonwdo training influenced leadership skill and community spirit.
    Keyword:Girl’s Middle School Students, Taekwondo, Taekwondo Training Leadership, Community Spirit, Mar-tial Arts
  • The purpose of this study is to verify the effects by developing and applying a cognitive behavior therapy pro-gram for improvement of Taekwondo demonstration performance strategies. To achieve the purpose of this study, a program for improvement of Taekwondo demonstration performance strategies is developed through literature review. 9 people voluntarily expressing an intention of participating in this program among demonstration mem-bers of the national team acting in Korean Taekwondo Association were formed as an experimental group, and 10 people were sampled and formed as a control group. Total 10 times of the developed program were applied to the experimental group during 90 minutes∼100 minutes. However, this program was not applied to the control group. As a result of analyzing a difference between the experimental group and the control group to verify the effects of applying a cognitive behavior therapy program, first, there is a statistically meaningful difference between groups in pre and post tests for sports performance strategy test between the experimental group and the control group. After implementation of the program, it showed that condition regulation, setup of image and purpose, easing the tension, and the ability of affect regulation were related to cognitive variable increase in sports per-formance strategies. Second, there is a statistically meaningful difference between groups in pre and post tests for an automatic thinking(negative) test between the experimental group and the control group. Especially, negative automatic thinking decreased in the experimental group a cognitive behavior therapy program was conducted, and this experimental group also showed a statistically meaningful difference. Third, there is a statistically mean-ingful difference between groups in pre and post tests of a dysfunctional beliefs test between the experimental group and the control group. After implementation of a cognitive behavior therapy program, all variables of dys-functional beliefs decreased in the experimental group, and the experimental group also showed a statistically meaningful difference.
    Keyword:Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy Program, Taekwondo Demonstration, Per-formance Strategies, Martial Arts
  • In order to explore changes in the use of judo techniques(Waza) depending on the experience of winning com-petitions and being selected as representative players of judo players at elementary, middle, and high schools and universities, a survey of self-administration method on the judo player population of Daegu and Gyeongbuk province as of 2020 based on convenience sampling was conducted, and the following conclusions were reached with 198 surveys as valid samples except for responses that were incomplete or missing among 200 question-naires retrieved. First, differences in offensive techniques depending on the experience of winning competitions were shown as follows. For Te-waza(hand techniques), players with the experience of winning competitions used Tai-otoshi(Body drop), Kata-guruma(Shoulder), and Yama-arashi(Mountain storm) more than those without the experience. For Koshi-waza(hip techniques), players without the experience used O-goshi(Large hip) and Tsuri-goshi(Life-pull hip) more than those with the experience. For Ashi-waza(foot techniques), players with the experience used O-soto-gari(Large outer reaping) and O-uchi-gari(Large inner reaping) more than those without the experience. Second, differences in defensive techniques depending on the experience of winning competitions were shown as follows. For Te-waza(hand techniques), players with the experience used Ryoude-seoi-nage-gaeshi(Both arm shoulder throw counter), Kataude-seoi-nage-gaeshi(one arm shoulder throw counter), Tai-otoshi-gaeshi(Body drop counter), Kata-guruma-gaeshi(Shoulder counter), and Yama-arashi-gaeshi(Mountain storm counter) more than those without the experience. For Koshi-waza(hip techniques), players with the experience used Harai-goshi-gaeshi(Hip sweeping counter), Uki-goshi-gaeshi(Floating hip counter), and Tsuri-goshi-gaeshi(Life-pull hip coun-ter) more than those without the experience. For Ashi-waza(foot techniques), players with the experience used O-soto-gari-gaeshi(Large outer reaping counter) and O-uchi-gari-gaeshi(Large inner reaping counter) more than those without the experience. Third, differences in offensive techniques depending on the experience of being selected as representative play-ers were shown as follows. For Te-waza(hand techniques), players with the experience of being selected as repre-sentative players used Tai-otoshi(Body drop), Kata-guruma(Shoulder), and Yama-arashi(Mountain storm) more than those without the experience. For Koshi-waza(hip techniques), players without the experience of being repre-sentative players used O-goshi(Large hip) and Tsuri-goshi(Life-pull hip) more than those with the experience. For Ashi-waza(foot techniques), players with the experience used O-soto-gari(Large outer reaping) and O-uchi-gari(Large inner reaping) more than those without the experience. Fourth, differences in defensive techniques depending on the experience of being selected as representative players were shown as follows. For Te-waza(hand techniques), players with the experience used Ryoude-seoi-nage-gaeshi(Both arm shoulder throw counter), Kataude-seoi-nage-gaeshi(one arm shoulder throw counter), Tai-otoshi-gaeshi(Body drop counter), Kata-guruma-gaeshi(Shoulder counter), and Yama-arashi-gaeshi(Mountain storm counter) more than those without the experience. For Koshi-waza(hip techniques), players with the experi-ence used Uki-goshi-gaeshi(Floating hip counter) and Tsuri-goshi-gaeshi(Life-pull hip counter) more than those without the experience. For Ashi-waza(foot techniques), players with the experience used O-soto-gari-gaeshi(Large outer reaping counter) and O-uchi-gari-gaeshi(Large inner reaping counter) more than those with-out the experience.
    Keyword:Martial Arts, Judo Techniques, Middle School, High School, University
  • The study was conducted with the aim of exploring the motives of college Taekwondo poomsae athletes for participating in the poomsae competitions. To achieve the goal of the study, closed and open type surveys were conducted on 136 college athletes registered with the Korea Taekwondo Association across the country, and the results of analyzing the data collected through the survey are as follows. First, the first time college Taekwondo poomsae athletes participated in a poomsae competition was, 41.91% when they were in high school, 24.26% in middle school, 20.59% in elementary school, and 13.24% in college. Second, they have participated in poomsae competitions 30 or more times(30.88%), 20 or more times(19.12%), 10 or more times(13.24%), 25 or more(11.76%), five or more times(10.29%), 3 or more times(7.35%). Third, the motivational factors for college Taekwondo poomsae athletes to participate in the poomsae competitions were structured into 36 areas, which are grouped into 8 general areas: personal achievements(196), performance improvement(118), personal growth(100), fun(75), recommendation/environment(72), psychological enhancement(69), abil-ity/relationship(52), and no-particular motives(10). Of the 8 general areas, personal achievements were shown at the highest rate. Based on the results of the research so far, I would like to suggest follow-up research as follows. First, the motivation for university taekwondo poomsae athletes to participate in the competition was only ex-pected to be natural, but there were more factors than winning. If we understand these diverse motivations well, we will be able to conduct strategic research to promote the competition. Second, although the study was con-ducted only on university poomsae players, it is believed that comparative analysis of the motivation for partici-pation in competitions between ages would be possible if the study was conducted on taekwondo fighters and other age groups. In particular, meaningful research could be done because the sport of poomsae has the special characteristics of athletes of all ages, from college students to those in their 60s or older. Third, if research is done to find ways to solve difficulties and difficulties in participating in the competition, rather than the motivation for college taekwondo poomsae athletes, an effective alternative to mid-life or retirement could be made.
    Keyword:Martial Arts, Taekwondo, Poomsae Competition, Motives for Participation, College Taekwondo Poomsae Athletes
  • 50~60 percent of factors which determine health are conditioned by everyday habits. The WHO(World Health Organization) recommend for children and teenagers aerobic activities and physical activities for the strengthening of muscles and bones amounting to more than 60 minutes per day. However, upon analyzing the physical exercises of boys and girls between 11 and 17 in 146 nations, 81.1 percent was found lacking the amount of exercise recommended by WHO, and Korean students lacking exercise was found to be 94.2%, the highest among 146 countries, in the “worst” category, which shows a serious deficiency of exercise among Korean students internationally. A lack of exercise leads to numerous problems, ranging from overweight-ness, obesity and teenage scoliosis. Scoliosis in particular has no clear prevention method so early detection and treatment due to school screening are the only solution, and through early detection 63 percent of scoliosis which range up to more than 40 degrees can be cured. Taking into consideration the nature of scoliosis in teenagers in their period of growth, a functional training program effective in improving its symptoms through schools or regional facilities, rather than appliances or surgical methods, is necessary. In order to improve the problem of the lack in teenager exercise, an encouragement for physical activities in general and the inducing of behavioral changes are important. After-school programs regarding health run by schools, or the supplying of exercise programs for prevention in approximately 11,000 Taekwondo Studio within Korea, can lead to the formation of exercise programs which is easily accessible by students themselves. By offering an affective functional exercise at an appropriate time, recognition on the importance of health care on the part of students can happen, information can be provided, and these can be used as means of prevention and improvement.
    Keyword:Taekwondo Studio, Teenagers, Health Improvement, Scoliosis, Obesity