All Articles

  • Purpose: The study examines the impact of Safety Awareness on the Selection Attributes, Satisfaction, and continuation of participants' participation, which not only affects the management of Water Leisure Sports facilities but also affects the image of sports events due to safety accidents. In addition, the purpose is to provide basic data necessary for promoting Safety Awareness and developing education services and establishing specific strategies to revitalize the water leisure industry in the Water Leisure Sports industry with high growth functionality. Method: In this study, 250 users of the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area water leisure center were the subjects of the study, and a questionnaire was conducted using the convenience sampling method. By adopting the self-evaluation writing method, the survey respondents were asked to see the questionnaire and mark it in the corresponding section.A valid sample is a questionnaire of 223 people using data from 250 final responders who are unresponsive or missing part of the survey. For data processing, after collecting the distributed questionnaire, data that are judged to be inadequate or unreliable in response are excluded from the research subject. After inputting the data that can be analyzed individually into the computer, statistical verification was performed with the statistical package programs SPSS Program 25.0 and AMOS 18.0 according to the purpose of data analysis. The structural equation modeling was used as an empirical statistical method. Results: In this study, there was a statistically significant correlation between most of the variables, and since the values of all correlation coefficients did not exceed .8, there was no multicollinearity problem. Model goodness-of-fit verification has shown to satisfy all the goodness-of-fit indices. As a result of hypothesis verification, first, it was found that safety Safety Awareness has an effect on the Selection Attributes(β=.098, t=1.532, p<.001).Second, Safety Awareness was found to have an effect on Satisfaction(β=.117, t=2.724, p<.001). Third, Safety Awareness was found to have an effect on Continued Participation(β=.136, t=3.457, p<.001). Therefore, the following activities must be undertaken such as safe driving of Water Leisure Sports users, securing of systematically trained experts, thorough safety education before activities, expansion and financial investment of safety facilities and safety equipment, qualification training of water sports safety management personnel, and supplementation of legal systems, etc. After that, it can raises participants' sense of safety and makes them feel satisfied.Finally, it will help expand the base of Water Leisure Sports and revive related industries. Conclusion: Safety Awareness was found to have a positive effect on the Selection Attributes, Satisfaction, and Continued Participation. Therefore, development and implementation of educational programs for accident prevention at Water Leisure Sports facilities or workplaces, pre-training for quick action in the event of an accident, and compensation for follow-up measures and safety education are required. In addition, related agencies need to make constant efforts to protect valuable lives and popularize Water Leisure Sports by developing safety management tasks for users through strengthening the crackdown on violations of the law and revise the regulation due to active efforts and securing many experts.
    Keyword:Water Leisure Sports, Safety Awareness, Selection Attributes, Satisfaction, Continued Participation
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the learning and emotional difficulties that students with ADHD tendencies experienced at a local university where its’ learning environment has changed dramatically due to the crisis of COVID-19. The differences in learning behaviors, online learning satisfaction, and university satisfaction according to university students’ ADHD tendencies, gender, and the level of emotional difficulties such as depression and anger were investigated. The effects of the coexistence of ADHD tendencies and emotional difficulties on those differences were also examined. Method: A total of 1,032 students in the K university at Daegu participated in this study. The learning behaviors, online learning satisfaction, university satisfaction, and the level of emotional difficulties including depression and anger were surveyed. The collected data were analyzed, first, using t-test in order to examine the differences according to ADHD tendencies, gender, and the level of emotional difficulties. Next, the participants were divided into four groups according to their ADHD tendencies/depression level and ADHD tendencies/anger level, and then t-test and ANOVA were conducted. Finally, two-way ANOVA was implemented to investigate whether the differences among those four groups differed by gender. Results: First, university students with ADHD tendencies tended to be more passive and neglected in their learning than those without ADHD tendencies. And, their online learning satisfaction and university satisfaction were also significantly lower than those of students without ADHD tendencies. Second, while female students were more active in learning and their level of online learning satisfaction and university satisfaction were higher than those of male students, they also showed higher levels of emotional difficulties such as depression and anger than male students. Third, the learning behavior, online learning satisfaction, and university satisfaction of the students, who had the coexistence of ADHD tendencies and emotional difficulties such as depression or anger, were significantly lower than those of students who had not, regardless of their gender. Conclusion: This study shows that there are differences in learning behavior, online learning satisfaction, university satisfaction, and emotional difficulties of university students according to their ADHD tendencies and gender. As COVID-19 shows no signs of subsidence, universities in Korea are more likely to offer online classes in 2021 again. At the same time, the problem of depression and anger among university students is likely to become even more serious due to prolonged COVID-19. This study indicates that university students' ADHD tendencies, gender, and emotional difficulties need to be considered in order to effectively implement online learning in Korean universities in the COVID-19 crisis.
    Keyword:ADHD, Learning Behavior, Online Learning, Satisfaction, Emotional Difficulties
  • Purpose: This study was to identify the trends of laughter therapy and to analyze the effect size of laughter therapy Method: KISS, KMDB, KERIS and the National Assembly Library was searched for relevant journals by using the following key words ‘laughter treatment’, ‘laughter intervention’ and ‘laughter therapy’. 48 journals were included in this study. Data were analyzed using CMA ver. 2.0 and effect size was calculated by ‘the standardized mean difference Results: The major findings of this study were as follows. 1)The overall effect size of laughter therapy was 0.668. 2)The sub-group effect size were social(0.863), psycho-somatic(0.836), emotional(0.775), psychological(0.679), physiological(0.464), physical(0.653) by each. 3)As the laughter therapy program, the effect size of only laughing therapy was larger than parallel therapy and the effect size of 4 step program was larger than 3 step program. More program in a week was larger effect size of laughter therapy. Conclusion: It might be useful for this study to review systematic research on laughter therapy in Korean journals. Laughter therapy was also effective therapy for people and develop program based on knowledge from laughter therapy research.
    Keyword:Effect Size, Laughter Intervention, Laughter Therapy, Laughter Treatment, Meta-Analysis
  • Purpose: The integrated art play using safety-related picture books is as the effect of structure comprehension and inference comprehension on the safety-related story structure of disabled children is verified, it provides basic data on safety education using safety-related picture books in the future. Method: The activities were conducted five times a week and a total of 70 times over 14 weeks, and safety-related picture book activities done until week 1 to 7 were presented repeatedly in 8 to 14 weeks. The inspection tool was used by Mikyung Park, which consists of questions from 1 to 10 for story structure comprehension, and questions from 11 to 14 for story inference comprehension. It was scored 2 for voluntary answers, 1 for clue-provided answers, and 0 for non-response, a total of 21 points can be obtained in story structure comprehension, and 16 points in story inference comprehension. Results: The analysis results showed that all children in the study scored higher in the post-test examination compared to the pre-examination, but in the story reference comprehension, there were children with the same score in the pre-examination and post-mortem examination. In other words, integrated art plays using safety-related picture books were found to be more effective in promoting story structure comprehension than in story reference comprehension for disabled infants. Conclusion: According to the research results, reading safety-related picture books and then playing integrated art can be seen as helping infants with disabilities improve their knowledge related to safety or problem-solving skills. It also suggests that integrated art play activities, including art, music, and dramatic elements, are suitable ways to help infants with disabilities learn how to solve problems and participate in voluntary activities, and to understand the need for safety and the overall content of the picture book.
    Keyword:Integrated Art Play, Infants with Disabilities, Story Structure Comprehension, Story Inference Comprehension, Safety-Related Picture Books
  • Purpose: The pension insurance fund serves as the lifeline for a majority of Chinese people due to its close connection with people’s personal interests. Method: The increasing severity of becoming an aging society, compounded with the requirement of preserving and increasing the value of the basic pension insurance fund, has made the investment and management of the pension insurance fund especially important. Results: With more than 30 years of experience running a pension insurance fund, South Korea(ROK) has implemented a set of standardized investment policies for pension insurance investment, together with an actuarial mechanism, boasting relatively high transparency in terms of information disclosure. This study analyzes the actual effectiveness of investment policies and operation efficiency of the ROK pension insurance fund. Subsequently a summation and assessment of the fundamental features and experiences in its operation and investment are provided. Conclusion: This paper then produces insights and advice on reforming and optimizing the investment and operation of the Chinese pension insurance fund, in hopes that these suggestions can play a positive role in supporting the sustainable, healthy development of the pension insurance fund in China.
    Keyword:Pension Insurance Investment, ROK’s Pension Insurance System, Chinese Pension Insurance Fund, Operation of the Pension Insurance Fund, Investment Model
  • Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review denuclearization talks between the US and DPRK and map out policy alternatives for South Korea by analyzing Trump’s strategy toward the DPRK. The denuclearization of North Korea remains an important issue for the security of Northeast Asia and has been the subject of a variety of negotiation strategies. Despite the failure of previous negotiations to achieve the objective of denuclearization, they still hold important lessons for ongoing efforts. Method: This paper analyzes the negotiations between North Korea and the United States(US) through the lens of Fisher and Ury's model of principled negotiations. It offers the possibility for dealing with some of the most intractable and potentially destructive conflicts, such as that surrounding a nuclear deal with the DPRK. In particular, Fisher and Ury’s negotiation model can be a suitable analysis framework for denuclearization talks between the US and DPRK because it raises the prospect of a win-win situation for all the entities. Results: First, for the rational solution of the negotiation, the South Korean government has to differentiate issues from actors. Second, we need to focus on benefits or interests rather than positions. The positions taken in the negotiations must reflect the central interest or purpose, that of denuclearization, rather than political interests, which may be just a modified populism. Third, we need to focus on the benefits of a denuclearization settlement between the US and North Korea. If the denuclearization negotiations between the US and North Korea are concluded and the DPRK agrees to complete denuclearization, economic cooperation between the two Koreas will be accelerated and it will be a win-win situation for both parties. Fourth, in the process of denuclearization talks, South Korea has to keep consistency based on objective criteria. South Korean government has to obtain the consent of all actors by mapping out a roadmap for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Conclusion: As the negotiation process for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula may take a long time and may not be smooth due to conflicting interest(or at least, in Fisher and Ury’s terminology, positions), it is important that as a first step, the three parties can agree on a definition of denuclearization and its constituent elements. As part of this process, South Korea should be able to present a credible denuclearization roadmap that can construct a consensus between North Korea and the US.
    Keyword:Denuclearization, Negotiation Models, North Korea, South Korea’s Role, Trump Administration
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study were to develop a self-determination improvement program for patients with schizophrenia and to confirm their effects on autonomy, competence, relationship, and self-care agency. Method: The study was in a pre-test, post-test for a nonequivalent control group design. The participants were 47 inpatients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia(experimental group:24; control group:23). The self-determination improvement program was provided in 8 session over 4 weeks. Data was collected from September to October 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program with Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the independent t-test. Results: After participating self-determination improvement program, the experimental group showed a significant increased in autonomy(t=4.24, p<.001), competence(t=5.33, p<.001), relationship(t=7.90, p<.001) and self-care agency(t=2.49, p=.016) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings of this study it was confirmed that the self-determination improvement program for patients with schizophrenia improves basic psychological needs(autonomy, competence, relationship) and self-care agency. This suggests that it is useful as an intervention program for the recovery of patients with schizophrenia in clinical practice.
    Keyword:Autonomy, Competence, Relationship, Schizophrenia, Self-Care
  • This study focused on the role of the bystander in the school violence situation and tried to understand the choices of the bystander by applying “Theory of Planned Behavior”. In school violence situations, there are bystanders in addition to bullies and victims, and bystanders play significant roles in the situation. Sometimes their choices can determine the outcome of the school violence. According to TPB(behavior, intention, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control), the reasons why they choose to be an outsider rather than a defender can be interpreted as follows. They perceive the indifferent behaviors of a bystander and its results as positive and believe that others around will remain outsiders. Also, there is no difficulty in being a bystander, as it does not require an active action. On the other hand, they do not show the behavior of defenders because they perceive the defender's behavior and its result as negative, believe that the students in a classroom have the norm against the defender's behavior. Even if they want to take an action, they do not know what to do. And they may not be confident in taking an action even when they know what to do. In order to resolve school violence, the bystanders should respond effectively to the situation as defenders of victims. To this end, it is necessary to actively utilize the result of verifying bystander selection in school violence applying TPB. In particular, we must improve students’ attitudes toward the outsiders’ and defenders’ behaviors and the behavioral outcomes. And Concrete and explicit norms for helping behaviors should be built in their classroom. Finally, we need to inform students how to help victims and improve their confidence in those behaviors. So, we will be able to solve school violence problems by reducing outsiders and increasing defenders when designing and operating an anti-bullying program based on the TPB in the school environment.
    Keyword:Crisis, Theory of Planned Behavior, School Violence, Bullying, Bystander
  • Purpose; This paper intends to develop evaluation indicators of safety education for the Republic of Kore Army(ROKA) personnel. In Korea, there are a lot of accidents and disasters that Korean people had never been experienced including earthquakes, fire casualties, and marine accidents. There are many physical and psychological risk factors including explosion, injury, fire, traffic accident, and psychological violence, etc. Researchers suggest that ROKA soldiers are vulnerable to daily risk factors but do not receive enough safety education due to the lack of appropriate manual, instructor, and time. This study thoroughly reviewed the literature including the US Army field manual on the safety education and studies of industrial safety. Seventeen areas of safety management in the military bases were described in the field manual and counter-measures of each area were reviewed. Thirty evaluative indicators were presented based on the literature review and the value of each indicator was suggested as a milestone for designing and conducting the safety education. The 30 indicators are composed based on the CIPP(context-input-process-product) model and each of the indicator implies theoretical meanings and practical suggestions. The indicators begin with analyzing the hazard of the workplace and they contain : (1)collecting and analyzing the hazards in the workplace, (2)collecting and analyzing the information about the health management system, (3)making the safety management plan in the workplace, (4)reflecting the opinions of military personnel in making the safety management plan, (5)investigating the implementation of health education and evaluation for military personnel, (6)reflecting the military personnel’s need for health and safety education, (7)evaluating the leader’s interest in the safety and health promotion, (8)investigating the military personnel's consciousness of safety, (9)employment of officer in charge of safety management, (10)percentage of the officers in charge of the safety management, (11)employment of the officers in charge of safety and health education, (12)qualification of the officers in charge of the safety and health education, (13)presence of department of safety and health management and education, (14)volume of contents of the safety and health education, (15)Percentage of budget for safety and health education, (16)implementation of regulations on safety and health, (17)specification of educational objectives on safety, (18)review of the appropriateness of the safety education objectives, (19)diversity of educational method for the safety education, (20)specification of the safety education contents, (21)implementation of the educational plan, (22)checking the military personnel's awareness of the safety objectives, (23)the military personnel's satisfaction in the safety education, (24)participation of the military personnel in the safety education, (25)availability of resources for the safety education, (26)communication about the contents of the safety education, (27)changes in the consciousness of the safety, (28)changes in the knowledge of the safety, (29)changes in the attitude toward the safety, (30)changes in the real actions in the safety management and implementation.
    Keyword:Safety, Republic of Korea Army, Safety Education, Evaluation, Indicator
  • With radical development of information and communication Technology, Internet of Things(IoT) era has come. All the things around us are connected through internet so that it enables objects to exchange data with connected devices and is expected to offer new advanced services that goes beyond the value where each existing objects could have offered respectively. Concerns regarding security threat are being raised in adopting IoT as the number of internet-connected appliances are rapidly increasing. So, we need to consider how to protect and control countless objects. However, traditional security systems including intrusion detection systems(IDSs), firewalls(FWs), anti-viruses(A/Vs), etc., focus on low level attack or anomalies, and raise alerts independently. And IoT services have different types of security frameworks. As a result, it is difficult for human security manager or attack response systems to understand the alerts and take appropriate actions. In this paper describes the analysis of security methods in the area of IoT and describes a mechanism that analyzes logs generated by IoT devices attacks. Data collected from the lightweight application is sent to the network component for further analysis. The collaborative component is used for collecting data in the distributed network and indicates the possible attacks. Also this paper suggests enterprise security management including IoT services which are based on distributed environments, and presents a practical technique to address this issue, and introduces Event Correlation Model(ECM) which is a simple free text causal language. We show how the concept of class in object-oriented methodology is used to provide scalability to our approach. Graph and coding theories are used for correlation.
    Keyword:Safety of IoT Services, Network Security Management, Enterprise Security Management, Log Analysis, Event Correlation